HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Respond to This Article Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by de Wit, M. Articles by Epstein, S. K. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by de Wit, M. Articles by Epstein, S. K.

Administration of Sedatives and Level of Sedation: Comparative Evaluation via the Sedation-Agitation Scale and the Bispectral Index

• Objectives To compare levels of sedation in patients receiving continuous intravenous infusions of sedative/hypnotic or narcotic agents with levels in patients not receiving infusions and to compare subjective (Sedation-Agitation Scale) and objective (Bispectral Index) evaluations of sedation.

• Methods Patients receiving mechanical ventilation in a medical intensive care unit were evaluated prospectively. Level of sedation was assessed with the Sedation-Agitation Scale (range 1–7, unarousable to dangerous agitation) and the Bispectral Index (range 0–100, flat line to awake waveform) recorded before and after stimulation. Patients were classified as receiving continuous infusions if an infusion had been administered within 24 hours preceding assessment.

• Results Nineteen patients were evaluated on 80 occasions. Scores on the Sedation-Agitation Scale ranged from 1 to 5 (mean 2.6 and median 2) and correlated highly with values for the Bispectral Index (R² = 0.48 before and 0.44 after stimulation, P < .001). Patients receiving continuous infusions were more deeply sedated than were patients receiving boluses or no medication (mean [SD] scores, Sedation-Agitation Scale: 2.1 [1.2] vs 3.3 [1.0], P < .001; Bispectral Index before stimulation: 63 [24] vs 86 [13], P < .001). Patients receiving continuous infusions were more likely to have a score of 2 or less on the Sedation-Agitation Scale (32/44 vs 8/35, P < .001).

• Conclusion Objective and subjective assessments of sedation are highly correlated. Use of continuous infusions is associated with deeper levels of sedation, and patients receiving continuous infusions are more likely to be oversedated. Sedation therapy should be guided by subjective or objective assessment.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. M LeBlanc, J. F Dasta, and S. L Kane-Gill Role of the Bispectral Index in Sedation Monitoring in the ICU Ann. Pharmacother., March 1, 2006; 40(3): 490 - 500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. J. Lafleur Will Adequate Sedation Assessment Include the Use of Actigraphy in the Future? Am. J. Crit. Care., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 61 - 63. [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. D Watson and S. L Kane-Gill Sedation Assessment in Critically Ill Adults: 2001-2004 Update Ann. Pharmacother., November 1, 2004; 38(11): 1898 - 1906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]