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About the American Journal of Critical Care

The American Journal of Critical Care is the premier source for evidence-based critical care practice. The journal’s mission is to provide its readers with clinically relevant content in every issue and to serve as a vehicle for the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses to achieve its mission of improving the care of critically ill patients and their families. Authors are invited to submit original manuscripts describing investigations, advances, or observations from all specialties related to the care of critically ill patients. The American Journal of Critical Care publishes clinical studies, basic research studies, preliminary/short communications, case reports, reports on new apparatuses and techniques, clinical/basic science reviews, guest editorials, and letters to the editors. Papers promoting collaborative practice and research are encouraged.

Editors
Kathleen Dracup, RN, DNSc
Dean, School of Nursing
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
Adjunct Professor, School of Nursing
University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif

Peter E. Morris, MD
Associate Professor, Pulmonary & Critical Care
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston Salem, NC

Associate Editor
Mary Jo Grap, RN, PhD, ACNP
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing
Richmond, Va

Clinical Adviser
Linda Bell, RN, MSN
American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
Aliso Viejo, Calif

Founding Coeditor
Christopher W. Bryan-Brown, MD
Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Attending Anesthesiologist, Montefiore Medical Center
Bronx, NY

Editorial Board
Michael H. Ackerman, RN, DNS, Rochester, NY; Thomas Ahrens, RN, DNS, CCRN, St. Louis, Mo; JoAnn Grif Alspach, RN, MSN, EdD, Annapolis, Md; Charold L. Baer, RN, PhD, Portland, Ore; Judith Baggs, RN, PhD, Portland, Ore; Mary-Lynn Brecht, PhD, Los Angeles, Calif; Elizabeth J. Bridges, RN, PhD, CCNS, CCRN, Lackland AFB, Tex; Barbara Brown, RN, PhD, Garland, Tex; Suzanne M. Burns, RN, MSN, Charlottesville, Va; William R. Cabeen, Jr, MD, Santa Monica, Calif; Marianne Chulay, RN, DNSc, Chapel Hill, NC; Suzanne Clark, RN, MSN, MA, Los Angeles, Calif; Burke Cunha, MD, Mineola, NY; Martha A. Q. Curley, RN, PhD, Boston, Mass; Lynn Doering, RN, DNSc, Los Angeles, Calif; Barbara Drew, RN, PhD, San Francisco, Calif; Doug Elliott, RN, PhD, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Roberta Erickson, RN, PhD, Portland, Ore; Maurizio Fava, MD, Boston, Mass; Susan K. Frazier, RN, PhD, Lexington, Ky; Dorrie K. Fontaine, RN, DNSc, San Francisco, Calif; Marjorie Funk, RN, PhD, New Haven, Conn; Reed M. Gardner, PhD, Salt Lake City, Utah; Toby Haghenbeck, RNC, MS, CCRN, Bronx, NY; Sandra Hanneman, RN, PhD, Houston, Tex; Connie Jastremski, RN, MS, CNAA, Syracuse, NY; Karin Kirchhoff, RN, PhD, Madison, Wis; Ruth Kleinpell, RN, PhD, Chicago, Ill; Patricia Lange, RN, PhD, Allen Park, Mich; Eliot Lazar, MD, Bronx, NY; Louis Lemberg, MD, Miami, Fla; Philip D. Lumb, MB, BS, Hershey, Pa; Paul E. Marik, MD, MBBCh, FCP(SA), Washington, DC; Sharon McKinley, RN, PhD, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Debra K. Moser, RN, DNSc, Columbus, Ohio; Joseph E. Parrillo, MD, Chicago, Ill; Donald S. Prough, MD, Galveston, Tex; Kathleen Puntillo, RN, DNSc, San Francisco, Calif; Susan Quaal, RN, PhD, Salt Lake City, Utah; Ray Raper, MD, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Juanita Reigle, RN, MSN, ACNP-CS, CCRN, Charlottesville, Va; Barbara Riegel, RN, DNSc, Philadelphia, Penn; Mary Lou Sole, RN, PhD, Orlando, Fla; Theodore A. Stern, MD, Boston, Mass; Kathleen Stone, RN, PhD, Columbus, Ohio; Daniel Teres, MD, Springfield, Mass; Dorothy Tullmann, RN, PhD, Charlottesville, Va; Barbara Ventura, NP, New York, NY; Anne Verderber, RN, PhD, Honolulu, Hawaii; Kathleen M. Vollman, RN, MSN, CCNS, CCRN, Detroit, Mich; Elizabeth Winslow, RN, PhD, Dallas, Tex; Susan Woods, RN, PhD, Seattle, Wash.

Editorial Office
The InnoVision Group
101 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656
(800) 809-2273, (949) 362-2000
Web site: www.ajcconline.org; e-mail: ajcc@aacn.org

Publishing Manager: MICHAEL MUSCAT
Managing Editor: KATIE SPILLER, MS
Art and Production Director: LeROY HINTON
Copy Editor: BARBARA HALLIBURTON, PhD
Circulation Manager: SAM STRAIN
Graphic Artist: MATTHEW EDENS
Publishing Associate: SAM MARSELLA

American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
President
Mary Fran Tracy, RN, PhD, CCNS, CCRN

President-elect
M. Dave Hanson, RN, MSN, CCRN, CNS

Treasurer
Denise Buonocore, RN, MSN, CCRN, APRN-BC

Secretary
Jodi E. Mullen, RN, BC, MS, CCNS, CCRN

Directors
Marian Altman, RN, MS, CCRN, ANP
Beth Hammer, RN, MSN, APRN-BC
Roberta Kaplow, RN, PhD, CCNS, CCRN
Paula Lusardi, RN, PhD, CCRN, CCNS
Julie Miller, RN, BSN, CCRN
Patricia Gonce Morton, RN, PhD, ACNP
Kristine J. Peterson, RN, MS, CCNS, CCRN
Mary Stahl, RN, MSN, APRN, BC, CCNS, CCRN
Janice M. Wojcik, RN, MS, CCRN, APRN, BC

Chief Executive Officer
Wanda L. Johanson, RN, MN

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE® (ISSN 1062-3264) is published bimonthly (January, March, May, July, September, November) by the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN), 101 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656. Telephone: (949) 362-2000. FAX: (949) 362-2049. Copyright 2007 by AACN. All rights reserved. The AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE is an official publication of AACN. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission of AACN. For all permission requests, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. (978) 750-8400. Prices on bulk reprints of articles available on request from AACN at (800) 809-2273, ext 532. Printed on acid-free paper. The AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE is indexed in Index Medicus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SilverPlatter Information, Science Citation Index Expanded, ISI Alerting Services, and Current Contents/Clinical Medicine.

Annual Individual Subscriptions
US and possessions, $59; Canada and Mexico, $83 (US); all other countries, $83 (US). Institutional rates: US, $180; Canada and Mexico, $235 (US); all other countries, $235 (US). Rates for AACN members: $12 per year. Single copies: US, $20; all other countries, $22 (US). Periodicals postage paid at Laguna Beach, CA, and additional mailing office(s). Send address changes to the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE, Subscription Service Department, 101 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656. Change of address: Send notices to AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE, Subscription Service Department, 101 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656. Allow 4 to 6 weeks for change to take effect. For subscription questions: AACN members, please call toll-free (800) 899-2226; nonmembers, please call toll-free (800) 345-8112.

Advertising Contact Information
If you are interested in an advertisement in the American Journal of Critical Care (or Critical Care Nurse), please contact SLACK Inc (see below).

For Product Advertising
Kathy Huntley
SLACK Incorporated
6900 Grove Road
Thorofare, NJ 08086
Phone: (800) 257-8290, ext 249
Fax: (856) 848-6091
E-mail: khuntley@slackinc.com

For Recruitment Advertising
Kristy Irwin
SLACK Incorporated
6900 Grove Road
Thorofare, NJ 08086
Phone: (800) 257-8290, ext 399
Fax: (856) 848-6091
E-mail: kirwin@slackinc.com

Advertising Sales Office
Slack Incorporated, 6900 Grove Road, Thorofare, NJ 08086. (800) 257-8290, (856) 848-1000. Senior Vice President, JOHN CARTER; National Account Manager, KATHY HUNTLEY; Director Recruitment Advertising, KRISTY IRWIN.